Gum swelling is a widespread oral health issue that can be uncomfortable and concerning. Swollen gums, also known as gum inflammation, often indicate an underlying problem such as gingivitis, periodontitis, or other oral health conditions. If left untreated, swollen gums can lead to severe complications, including gum recession, infections, and even tooth loss. Understanding the causes and how to address them is crucial for maintaining good oral hygiene and overall dental health. 

What Are the Common Causes of Swollen Gums? 

Several factors can contribute to gum swelling. Below are the most common causes: 

1. Gingivitis – The First Stage of Gum Disease

Gingivitis is one of the primary causes of swollen gums. It occurs due to plaque buildup along the gum line, leading to irritation and inflammation. Symptoms include: 

• Red, tender gums 

• Bleeding during brushing or flossing 

• Bad breath (halitosis) 

• Mild discomfort around the gums 

Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental cleanings. However, if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. 

2. Periodontitis – Advanced Gum Disease

Periodontitis is a more severe infection that occurs when gingivitis is not managed effectively. It affects the tissues and bones supporting the teeth, leading to: 

• Receding gums 

• Loose teeth 

• Pus between the teeth and gums 

• Persistent bad breath 

This condition requires professional intervention to prevent further damage and potential tooth loss. 

3. Poor Oral Hygiene Habits

Inadequate brushing and flossing allow bacteria to thrive, leading to plaque and tartar buildup. Over time, this can cause: 

• Gum irritation 

• Puffy gums 

• Increased sensitivity 

• Bad breath 

Regular oral hygiene practices, including brushing twice a day and flossing, can significantly reduce the risk of swollen gums. 

4. Hormonal Changes and Gum Sensitivity

Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can lead to increased blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to swelling. This is known as pregnancy gingivitis in expecting mothers and often subsides after hormonal levels stabilise. 

5. Vitamin Deficiencies and Nutritional Gaps

Deficiencies in vitamins, particularly Vitamin C, D, and K, can negatively impact gum health. Vitamin C deficiency, for instance, is linked to scurvy, a condition that causes swollen, bleeding gums and delayed wound healing. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential vitamins can help strengthen gum tissues. 

6. Tobacco and Alcohol Use

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are linked to dry mouth (xerostomia), which reduces saliva production and increases the risk of gum disease. 

• Tobacco weakens the immune system, making it harder for gums to heal. 

• Alcohol can irritate gum tissues, causing inflammation and increased sensitivity. 

7. Medications That Cause Gum Swelling

Certain medications, such as blood pressure drugs and antiseizure medications, can lead to gingival overgrowth (gum enlargement). This can make oral hygiene more difficult, leading to further gum complications. If medication-induced gum swelling occurs, consulting a dentist or doctor is recommended to explore alternative treatments. 

8. Bacterial and Fungal Infections

Gum swelling can also be caused by infections such as: 

• Gum abscess – A localised bacterial infection causing pus accumulation. 

• Oral thrush – A fungal infection leading to white patches and swollen gums. 

• Herpetic gingivostomatitis – A viral infection that causes painful sores and gum inflammation. 

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatments can help manage these conditions effectively. 

9. Allergic Reactions

Allergies to certain toothpaste ingredients, mouthwashes, or dental materials can trigger gum swelling. If you notice persistent irritation after using a new oral care product, switching to a hypoallergenic alternative may help. 

10. Systemic Health Conditions

Diseases such as diabetes, leukaemia, and autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of gum inflammation. People with diabetes, for example, are more prone to infections, including gum disease, due to impaired blood circulation and healing capacity. 

How Can You Fix and Prevent Swollen Gums? 

The good news is that swollen gums can be managed effectively with the right approach. Below are evidence-based solutions: 

Maintaining these habits can significantly reduce the likelihood of gum swelling and promote long-term oral health. 

Why Choose M&M Dental for Your Gum Health Needs? 

If you’re experiencing persistent gum swelling, seeking professional dental care is crucial. M&M Dental is committed to providing comprehensive gum disease diagnosis and treatment tailored to your specific needs. Our team utilises state-of-the-art equipment and evidence-based practices to ensure the best possible care for our patients. 

At M&M Dental, we focus on: 

• Preventative dentistry to keep your gums and teeth in optimal health. 

• Personalised treatment plans based on your individual oral health needs. 

• Advanced gum disease management, including non-surgical and surgical interventions. 

Our friendly and experienced dental team is dedicated to providing high-quality care in a comfortable and welcoming environment. If you’re concerned about swollen gums, book an appointment today and take the first step towards healthier gums. 

References 

1. Australian Dental Association. (2023). “Gum Disease Prevention and Treatment.”
2. Better Health Channel. (2023). “Gingivitis and Periodontitis.” Victorian Government. 
3. Australian Government Department of Health. (2023). “Oral Health and Nutrition.”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

1. Can swollen gums go away on their own?

Mild cases of swollen gums may resolve with improved oral hygiene, but persistent inflammation requires professional evaluation to prevent complications. 

2. How can I tell if my gum swelling is due to infection?

Signs of infection include pus, persistent bad breath, pain, and gum recession. If you experience these symptoms, seek immediate dental care. 

3. Does stress contribute to gum swelling?

Yes, stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections and inflammation, including gum disease. 

4. How often should I visit a dentist for gum health?

It is recommended to have a dental check-up every six months to monitor gum health and prevent issues before they worsen. 

5. Are swollen gums a sign of vitamin deficiency?

Yes, deficiencies in Vitamin C, D, and K can contribute to swollen gums. A well-balanced diet can help maintain gum health. 

6. Can mouthwash help with swollen gums?

Yes, antiseptic mouthwashes can help reduce bacteria and inflammation, but they should be used alongside brushing and flossing.